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K. M. R Achary et al.

Migration and Bio-Navigation are the natural phenomena, and the studies are

going on for more than fifty years to understand these phenomena. Migration depends

on solar, stellar and geomagnetic compasses. The receivers for these compasses,

related maps and their functioning responses in the body of flier remain to be further

investigated.

Atom an ultimate constituent particle of matter is having central positive core

called nucleus composed of neutrons and protons. Outside the nucleus the negatively

charged electrons are revolving in discrete energy levels provided by the nucleus.

The revolving electrons occupying the energy levels by satisfying different quantum

conditions/levels available around the nucleus. The revolving outer most electrons

are responsible for chemical reactions in biomolecules (RPRM) as mentioned below.

Any moving charged particle gives rise for magnetism. The orbital and spin

motions of electrons can give rise for magnetism. If paired electrons are there in

the outer most energy level the atom is magnetically neutral. On the other hand the

presence of unpaired electron always produces magnetism, as observed in param-

agnetic materials and Radical Paired Reaction Mechanism (RPRM) as reported in

recent biological studies.

RPRM radicals are having unpaired electrons in their outer most energy levels.

Obviously these electrons exhibit magnetic properties. The magnetism thus devel-

oped is too small and is of the order of a few micro tesla (μT) and may work as a

magnetic compass in the eye of a migrant bird as reported in recent literature.

This magnetic compass thus developed in the eye of the navigating biological flier

can interact with the magnetic field of Earth and may help in orientation and Bion-

avigation. These unpaired electrons as mentioned above develop spin and which can

be parallel and antiparallel. A simplified table for Radical Pair Reaction Mechanism

(RPRM) study has been prepared after referring large number of recent references

as given in appendix.

Migrating fliers for Bio-Navigation make use of light induced radical pair reaction

and their intermediates, which involves coherent spin development of two electrons.

This leads to the consideration of quantum effects in the body of biological flier [2]

as abridged below (Fig. 15.1).